The doctor tries conservative treatment to eradicate stones by prescribing medications and asking the patients to take plenty of fluids. If the conservative treatment doesn’t work and the pain is severe or disrupting the normal activities, the nephrologist may ask the patient to get the stone surgically removed. Location, size and composition of the stone and the anatomy of the urinary tract are important determinants to choose the best surgical intervention. The least invasive option is the Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). It uses shock waves that are generated outside the body to fragment the stone. The other more frequently used procedure is to remove stone by basket extraction or laser fragmentation. Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy is the most preferred procedure for large upper-tract stones.