Uterus

• Menorrhagia: Menorrhagia is prolonged or very heavy menstrual bleeding. 
• Dysmenorrhea: is severe menstrual pain that can occur before and/or during the menstrual period. 
• Congenital Uterine Malformation: Sometimes, the uterus itself is abnormally shaped. 
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: When bacteria or organisms enter the cervix and spread upward, the infection can affect one or more of the pelvic organs, including the uterus, cervix, and fallopian tubes. This is called pelvic inflammatory disease.
• Polyps: are small, soft growths inside the uterus that can cause pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, spotting between periods, and bleeding after intercourse.
• Fibroids: are growths in the walls of the uterus.
• Endometriosis: the same kind of tissue that lines your uterus also grows in other parts of the body, usually in the abdomen or ovaries
• Uterine Scars (Asherman's Syndrome)
• Cancer.

Hysterectomy is the surgical term for the removal of the uterus (womb). This results in the inability to become pregnant. 

This operation is performed if the woman has cancer of the ovaries or the uterus, or for chronic pain due to recurrent pelvic infection or recurrent endometriosis. radical hysterectomy – the most extensive version of the operation.

A partial hysterectomy (top left) removes just the uterus, and the cervix is left intact. A total hysterectomy (top right) removes the uterus and cervix. At the time of a total hysterectomy, your surgeon may also remove the ovaries and fallopian tubes 

Menorrhagia is menstrual bleeding that lasts more than 7 days. It can also be bleeding that is very heavy.

• Medical therapy for menorrhagia may include:
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium help reduce menstrual blood loss. 
• Tranexamic acid. Antifibrinolytics are medicines that promote blood clotting by preventing or slowing down a process called fibrinolysis, which is the breakdown of blood clots.
• Oral contraceptives.
• Oral progesterone. 
• Hormonal IUD 

Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) are throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen. Many women have menstrual cramps just before and during their menstrual periods. 

Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) are throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen.  But if there is pelvic pain at other times during your cycle, that may signal a problem. If severe cramping is accompanied by fever, vomiting, dizziness, unusual vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, or if the pain is especially severe consult a gynecologist.

• Fortis La Femme, Delhi.
• Fortis La Femme, Bangalore.
• Motherhood Hospital, Bangalore.
• Max Smart Superspecialty Hospital, Delhi.
• Nanavati Hospital, Mumbai.
• MaxCure Suyosha Woman and Child Hospital.
• Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore.
• Rainbow Hospital for Women & Children.

Mild uterine prolapse generally doesn't cause signs or symptoms. Signs and symptoms of moderate to severe uterine prolapse include:

• Sensation of heaviness or pulling in the pelvis
• Something coming out of the vagina
• Urinary problems, such as urine leakage (incontinence) or urine retention
• Trouble having bowel movement
• Feeling as if one is sitting on a small ball or as if something is falling out of your vagina
• Sexual concerns, such as a sensation of looseness in the tone of the vaginal tissue

Often, symptoms are less bothersome in the morning and worsen as the day goes on.

• Stages of Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer
• Stage I: Cancer that is confined to the uterus.
• Stage II: Cancer that has spread to the cervix.
• Stage III: Cancer that has spread to the vagina, ovaries, and/or lymph nodes.
• Stage IV: Cancer that has spread to the urinary bladder, rectum, or organs located far from the uterus, such as the lungs or bones

The most common type of radiation treatment is called external-beam radiation therapy, which is radiation given from a machine outside the body. Some women with uterine cancer need surgery and radiation therapy. The radiation therapy is most often given after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells.

This condition is not an abnormality or a medical problem — physicians simply refer to it as a “normal anatomical variance”. Many women who have a tilted uterus aren't even aware of it, and it has no impact on the health of the baby.

Uterine rupture is a rare, but serious childbirth complication that can occur during vaginal birth. It causes a mother's uterus to tear so her baby slips into her abdomen. This can cause severe bleeding in the mother and can suffocate the baby. This condition affects less than 1 percent of pregnant women.

Common causes of uterine prolapse include vaginal childbirth, obesity, severe coughing, straining on the toilet and hormonal changes after menopause which can damage the pelvic organ support structures

Some common symptoms of uterine problems include:

• Pain in the uterine region.
• Abnormal or heavy vaginal bleeding.
• Irregular menstrual cycle.
• Abnormal vaginal discharge.
• Pain in the pelvis, lower abdomen or rectal area.
• Increased menstrual cramping.
• Increased urination.
• Pain during intercourse.
• Bleeding after intercourse
• Prolonged menstruation
• Abdominal swelling
• Constipation; discomfort during a bowel movement
• Recurrent bladder infections       
• Fatigue
• Fever

Sometimes, irregular periods can be caused by some medicines, exercising too much, having a very low or high body weight, or not eating enough calories. Hormone imbalances can also cause irregular periods like thyroid hormone levels that are too low or too high can cause problems with periods.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common health problem that can affect teen girls and young women. It can cause irregular menstrual periods, make periods heavier, or even make periods stop. It can also cause a girl to have excess hair and acne.

Common symptoms of PCOS include:

• irregular periods or no periods at all.
• difficulty getting pregnant (because of irregular ovulation or failure to ovulate)
• excessive hair growth (hirsutism) – usually on the face, chest, back or buttocks.
• weight gain.
• thinning hair and hair loss from the head.
• oily skin or acne.

Medications: Birth control pills are often prescribed as a first-line treatment after or with lifestyle changes. Antidiabetic medication and anti-androgen medication are sometimes prescribed to help balance hormones. Metformin is a drug sometimes prescribed to help regulate blood sugar in some forms of PCOS

Endometriosis is a disorder when the tissue that usually lines the endometrium (inside the uterus) grows out of the uterus. The usual places where this misplaced tissue grows are the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and the pelvis tissue lining. In rare cases, the endometrial tissue grows beyond the pelvic region.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often the first-line treatment for endometriosis, followed by hormone therapy. Laparoscopy can be used to confirm the diagnosis before additional treatments are pursued; empiric therapy with another suppressive medication is also an option.