Gynecology is a discipline that incorporates all the problems that a female experiences because of some changes or problems in the reproductive system. Because females are supposed to get pregnant, Nature has designed a complex system where the embryo can be implanted and the normal growth of the fetus can occur. A lot of hormones are involved in the development and maintenance of female reproductive system. As a girl approaches puberty, the role of hormones kick in and the accompanying changes start to develop. 

As the female reproductive system is complex, a myriad of problems can occur during her lifetime. Some of these problems can be grouped under a common heading but many cannot. Some treatments are cosmetic in nature and these also need to be discussed separately. 

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Frequently asked questions about Gynecology & Obstetrics Other Problem

What is caesarean section? In which conditions is caesarean section performed?

Caesarean section is the surgical delivery of the baby and is performed when normal delivery poses some significant risk to either the baby or the mother. It is famously known as C-section. The various reasons that can lead to a decision of caesarean section are:

  • Prolonged labor: Also called “failure to progress” or “stalled labor”, this is the major reason that prompt caesarean sections. It usually happens when the new to be mom is in labor for 20 or more hours. The time period for moms with repeated pregnancy is 14 or more hours. Usual reasons for stalled labor are babies too large for the birth canal, slow cervical thinning, and carrying multiple babies. 
  • Abnormal positioning: The normal position of the baby for normal birth is headfirst near the birth canal. But sometimes the baby can position feet or butt towards the canal which is called breech birth, or position their shoulder or side first, called transverse birth. In such cases, a caesarean section may be a safer way to deliver the baby.
  • Fetal distress: If the baby is oxygen deprived, then the doctor may opt for a caesarean.
  • Birth defects: If the baby is having birth defect, the doctor chooses caesarean to prevent further complications.
  • Repeat caesarean: A woman who had a caesarean before usually has a repeat caesarean for the subsequent pregnancy.
  • Chronic health condition: Women with chronic health conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, or gestational diabetes usually are advised caesareans. A caesarean is also indicated if the female is suffering from HIV, genital herpes or any other infection that has the potential to be transmitted to the baby through vaginal delivery.
Can a female develop tumors during pregnancy? Can they be cured?

Yes, a female can develop tumors during pregnancy. The outside cells of the developing embryo in a pregnant female get converted into placenta that is responsible for providing nutrition to the developing fetus. These cells are called trophoblast cells. The rare group of tumors that form out of these cells are collectively named Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. These usually occur during pregnancy but some can occur some months after the pregnancy. It can be cured even if it is cancerous.

What are some uncommon procedures performed by a gynaecologist?

A female has a complex reproductive system because of its role of child bearing. She needs regular visits to a gynaecologist once she attains puberty. Many common procedures are usually done on every female. However, some problems might be uncommon and only some females might need intervention for them. Some of these are:

  • Colporrhaphy: It is a surgical process to repair and strengthen the walls of vagina after the prolapse of pelvic organ. A pelvic organ takes place when a single or more of the pelvic organs slip out of their usual location. 
  • Gestational trophoblastic disease: The outside cells of the embryo get converted into placenta that is responsible for providing nutrition to the developing fetus. These cells are called trophoblast cells. The rare group of tumors that form out of these cells are collectively named Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. These usually occur during pregnancy but some can occur some months after the pregnancy. It can be cured even if it is cancerous.
  • Hymenoplasty: It is also known as revirginity procedure and refers to the cosmetic surgery that restores hymen. It is a simple procedure that repairs torn hymen by cosmetic suturing the two ends of the torn hymen. 
  • Sacrocolpopexy: It is a surgical procedure to correct pelvic organ prolapse in women.
  • Salpingectomy: It refers to minimally invasive surgical removal of either one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) fallopian tubes. It is usually performed to treat ectopic pregnancy, fallopian tube cancer, blockage of fallopian tubes or uterine cancer among others.

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Some of the treatments that can be discussed are:

  • Caesarean section: This is also famously known as C-section. It is the surgical delivery of the baby and is performed when normal delivery poses some significant risk to either the baby or the mother. It is usually done to treat stalled labor, when the position of the fetus is abnormal, there is bowel obstruction, viral infection, high blood pressure of the mother, mother having heart problem, etc.
  • Colporrhaphy: It is a surgical process to repair and strengthen the walls of vagina after the prolapse of pelvic organ. A pelvic organ takes place when a single or more of the pelvic organs slip out of their usual location. 
  • Gestational trophoblastic disease: The outside cells of the embryo get converted into placenta that is responsible for providing nutrition to the developing fetus. These cells are called trophoblast cells. The rare group of tumors that form out of these cells are collectively named Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. These usually occur during pregnancy but some can occur some months after the pregnancy. It can be cured even if it is cancerous.
  • Hymenoplasty: It is also known as revirginity procedure and refers to the cosmetic surgery that restores hymen. It is a simple procedure that repairs torn hymen by cosmetic suturing the two ends of the torn hymen. 
  • Sacrocolpopexy: It is a surgical procedure to correct pelvic organ prolapse in women.
  • Salpingectomy: It refers to minimally invasive surgical removal of either one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) fallopian tubes. It is usually performed to treat ectopic pregnancy, fallopian tube cancer, blockage of fallopian tubes or uterine cancer among others. 
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