Gastroenterology Other Problem

Some of the diseases that necessitate surgery are:

• Appendicitis
• Splenomegaly
• Gall bladder stones

Splenomegaly refers to the abnormal enlargement of spleen. Some of the diseases that cause splenomegaly are:

• Infections including viral, bacterial, parasitic
• Liver conditions such as cirrhosis
• Blood cells disorders like sickle cell anemia, haemolytic anemia
• Blood cancers like leukemias and lymphomas
• Metabolic disorders like Niemann-Pick disease
• Blood clots or pressure in the veins of the liver or spleen
• Inflammatory diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis

Sometimes splenectomy is performed to treat splenomegaly.

Crohn’s disease refers to the inflammation of the digestive tract. It can be both painful and life threatening. The symptoms include diarrhea, fever, fatigue, abdominal pain and cramping, blood in stool, mouth sores, reduced appetite and weight loss, and pain or drainage near or around the anus due to inflammation from a tunnel into the skin (fistula). The treatment options include the use of drugs:

• Anti-inflammatory drugs that include corticosteroids and oral-5 aminosalicylates
• Immune system suppressors like azathioprine and methotrexate
• Biologics like natalizumab and vedolizumab, infliximab, adalimumab and certolizumab pegol, and ustekinumab
• Antibiotics
• Antidiarrheals
• Pain relievers
• Vitamins and supplements
• Nutrition therapy
• Surgery to remove the damaged portion of the digestive tract

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common infection that affects the large intestine. Common symptoms include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea and constipation, or both.

The treatment options include:

• Lifestyle changes that include reducing stress and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms
• Eating high-fiber foods
• Drinking plenty of fluids
• Exercising regularly
• Sleeping enough

Avoiding certain foods can also help. These include:

• High-gas foods
• Gluten
• FODMAPs that include fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols

Medications that are prescribed specifically for IBS include:

• Alosetron
• Eluxadoline
• Rifaximin
• Lubiprostone
• Linaclotide

The treatment of gall bladder stones is either to dissolve the stones or to remove them. So these include cholecystectomy (surgical removal of gall bladder) and medications for the patients that are not fit candidates for surgery.