Pain is a sensory or emotional experience often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. In medical identification, it is considered as a symptom of an underlying condition. Pain motivates an individual to withdraw from the situation of damage, to protect a damaged body part while healing, and to avoid similar experiences again in the future.
Most of the pain gets resolved once the body has healed and the noxious stimulus is removed, however, it may persist despite apparent healing of the body and removal of the stimulus. Sometimes, it arises in the absence of detectable damage to stimuli or disease.
In most of the developed countries, pain is the most common region for physician consultation. It is considered as the major symptom in many medical conditions and can intervene with a person’s quality of life and his general functioning. Psychological factors such as hypnotic suggestion, cognitive behavioral therapy, social support, excitement, or distraction can affect the intensity of pain and unpleasantness.
Pain is basically transitory and it lasts only until the noxious stimulus is removed or the underlying damage has been healed, however in some conditions like arthritis, cancer, and idiopathic pain, peripheral neuropathy may persist for years. Pain which lasts for a long time is called chronic or persistent pain and the pain which resolves quickly is called acute pain. The difference between chronic and acute pain has mostly relied upon an interval of time between onset and resolution. The two most commonly used markers are 03 months and 06 months since the onset of pain.
Acute pain is associated with anxiety and hyperactivity of the nervous system whereas chronic pain does not associate with hyperactivity but it could associate with vegetative signs like fatigue, loss of libido, loss of appetite, and depressed mood.